Saturnalia
was an ancient Roman festival held in honour of the god Saturn, known
as the god of agriculture, liberation, and time.
Saturnalia
was observed from December 17 to 23, though it could be extended in
some years. It was one of the most popular holidays in the Roman
calendar, characterized by a reversal of social roles, where masters
might serve their slaves, and slaves could enjoy a degree of freedom
and respect. This role reversal was symbolic of the golden age of
Saturn when all were equal.
Saturnalia
(1783) by Antoine-François Callet, showing his interpretation of
what the Saturnalia might have looked like
At
Saturnalia there were lavish feasts and banquets. Gambling was
normally forbidden, but was allowed during this period. Gift-Giving or
tokens, often humorous or satirical, were exchanged among friends and
family. People would wear colourful clothing and masks, adding to the
festive atmosphere. The festival had religious rituals like
sacrifices at the Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum, but over time,
the religious aspects became less central compared to the social
festivities. Saturnalia has left a cultural legacy, influencing the
modern Christmas celebrations, particularly with aspects like
feasting, gift-giving, and the general atmosphere of merriment and
relaxation from social norms.
Saturnalia
was not only a time of celebration but also a reflection of Roman
society's ability to temporarily suspend its strict social
hierarchies in favour of communal joy and equality.
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